Ahead is where it's at. One of the reasons companies have a hard time moving forward is because they've tangled themselves in the near past. Eyes aimed backwards rather than ahead, staring at the dark, feet in their own concrete.
They've trapped themselves looking for certainty where there isn't any. Searching for actionable advice where there are only guesses.
Something sorta went wrong. A project didn't go as planned. Some launch didn't meet expectations. A number someone felt was in reach didn't get hit.
So they look back, scanning the ruins for something shiny. They gather people up and call for a search party. They launch into post-mortems and retrospectives.
It's a mistake most of the time. And a waste of time almost all of the time.
Let's start with when it makes sense. If the process is highly mechanized, isolated, or systematized, then you can look back and find the exact moment when something went wrong. And you don't need to conjure up a “what if” counterfactual, you know for sure this was the point of failure.
For example, if you're making widgets, and your small circular disks are coming out as half moons instead, then you can trace the process back, figure out where the stamping went wrong, correct that machine or process, and absolutely 100% fix the issue. If you can do that, by all means do that. Technical downtime can often be perfectly traced like that, too.
But so many failed projects subject to retrospectives are searching for reasons where there are only humans to be found.
Ever been on one that lasts hours only to determine “next time we need to communicate better”? I bet you have.
Or one that says “If we only would have involved QA earlier we would have caught that.” Or “Next time we need to be more careful to take seasonal timing into account”. Or “designers and programmers need to work more closely together.” Or some other generalized platitude, extruded from the retrospective process.
There may be truth in the statements, but are they really the reason things didn't go as planned? Really? You sure? And those aren't actually answers, they remain questions without question marks. So now what, specifically? Spending hours of people's time grabbing for something grippy in the box of generalized excuses isn't going to turn up a treasure.